Approximately 6–7 percent of all pupils in the United Kingdom receive private education, yet this group accounts for a disproportionate share of highly influential jobs in the nation.1 Many factors contribute to this disparity, but one stands out in particular: their type of education.
Zifu Yang
September 19, 2025
Stephen Hawking, who devoted his entire life to scientific exploration and the search for the origin of the universe, publicly stated that he was an atheist in many occasions. In religious philosophy, one must deny the existence of God to be considered an atheist (Draper, 2022). In his last work, “Brief Answers to the Big Questions”, he declared that “there is no God, and no one commands the universe” (Hawking, 2018). Additionally, Hawking (2018) once said such a passage:
Yunke Huang
September 19, 2025
Imagine human cognition as a sprawling vine, with objectivity acting as the trellis that guides its growth. The nature of this trellis remains a central topic in psychology. An objective reality is considered the bedrock of rational thought and scientific inquiry, a concept that has been central to the pursuit of truth. The idea of objectivity as something independent of human perception and subjective experience is deeply ingrained in many Western intellectual traditions. However, upon closer examination, this seemingly straightforward concept reveals itself to be complex and elusive. Although the notion of objectivity existing independently in the mind is highly seductive, one's sense of objectivity is fundamentally a subjective construct, and widely accepted objectivity is merely a form of collective consensus. The notion of absolute objectivity itself remains an unverifiable and ultimately flawed hypothesis.
Yizhou Chen
September 19, 2025
Abstract - This essay explores the ethics of animal experimentation through Martin Seligman’s work on Learned Helplessness, analyzing the principles of rationality, utilitarianism, and emotion. Seligman and proponents of animal experimentation justify such practices based on the principle of rationality, positing that animals lack cognitive capacities comparable to humans. Supporters of utilitarianism emphasize maximizing overall utility, often unfairly prioritizing human interests. However, these views are critiqued in light of modern research on animal cognition and emotions, revealing their capacity for self-awareness, empathy, and suffering. This essay argues that rationality alone is insufficient to determine moral status, as the theory itself is paradoxical when it comes to the shared traits of disabled humans and animals. It further critiques utilitarianism for neglecting moral emotions like compassion. Advocating for the principle of emotion, the essay underscores the ethical obligation to respect animals' intrinsic value and calls for a balanced framework that harmonizes rationality with empathy and care.
Yifeng Cao
April 18, 2025
It is 2024 and Sudan is embroiled in another civil war. The deteriorating situation marks deliberate army attacks on civilians and farming infrastructure, resulting in people losing their homes and being unable to feed themselves. Amid the violence, people eat clumps of dirt and tattered leaves, subsisting off meager drops of oil to survive the famine as whole villages are being razed to the ground. Moreover, over 25 million civilians are on the brink of starvation in a country that has been historically the region’s breadbasket. As tensions escalated, foreign players in the conflict, especially the United Arab Emirates (UAE), took control of Sudanese land. In fact, the UAE’s mission to ensure its future food security through land grabs, a common issue in Africa, has been disastrous, causing a massive famine at the expense of Sudanese people. To address this plight, local resistance committees have made collective efforts to alleviate the famine by offering aid and protesting land grabs via grassroot networks, in lieu of governmental and UN inaction.
Zihao Guo
March 06, 2025
In 2022, the price of natural gas in the UK increased by 500 percent, a prominent example of a global energy price surge due to a significant energy crisis. The shortage can be partially attributed to geopolitical conflicts between Ukraine and Russia as well as between Israel and Iran, the two largest suppliers of traditional energy sources, and has posed serious questions to the development of sustainable transportation. While the COVID-19 pandemic has reduced people’s willingness to ride public transport, the accessibility of electric vehicles (EVs) has made more people shift to private transportation. With an average price advantage of US$10,164 per vehicle, the EV market took off during this era along with their perceived sustainable edge. However, even though EVs are considered more environmentally friendly than traditional cars, their hybrid nature still means that they require fossil fuels in operation. In order to address the primary energy problem, several car companies have pivoted towards utilizing hydrogen fuel as a selling point for their new product, claiming that it is an almost entirely sustainable resource with some manufacturers already investing in research on it. For example, the Toyota Mirai has been of interest, with a horsepower of 182HP, as well as the BMW iX5 Hydrogen, with a horsepower of 401HP. Effectively addressing the global energy crisis requires collective effort from governments, international car corporations, and individual drivers. Hydrogen, as a promising alternative energy source, offers significant opportunities to reduce dependence on fossil fuels but also introduces challenges in terms of infrastructure, cost, and resilience in the face of climate change.
Zili Zhou
March 06, 2025
(for college and high school students)
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